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Revenue decreased $1.3 billion or 9%.

• Windows revenue decreased $741 million or 12% driven by a decrease in Windows OEM, offset in part by growth in Windows Commercial. Windows OEM revenue decreased 28% as elevated channel inventory levels continued to drive additional weakness beyond declining PC demand. Windows Commercial products and cloud services revenue increased 14% driven by strong renewal execution and an increase in agreements that carry higher in-period revenue recognition.

• Devices revenue decreased $553 million or 30% as elevated channel inventory levels continued to drive additional weakness beyond declining PC demand.

• Gaming revenue decreased $133 million or 4% driven by a decline in Xbox hardware. Xbox hardware revenue decreased 30% on a strong prior year comparable, driven by lower volume of consoles sold. Xbox content and services revenue increased 3% driven by growth in Xbox Game Pass.

• Search and news advertising revenue increased $100 million or 3%. Search and news advertising revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs increased 10% driven by higher search volume and the Xandr acquisition.

Operating income decreased $551 million or 12%.

• Gross margin decreased $705 million or 9% driven by a decline in Windows. Gross margin percentage increased slightly.

• Operating expenses decreased $154 million or 5% driven by a decline in Devices, offset in part by 3 points of growth from the Xandr acquisition.

Revenue, gross margin, and operating income included an unfavorable foreign currency impact of 2%, 4%, and 5%, respectively. Operating expenses included a favorable foreign currency impact of 2%.