A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Digital Surveillance of Workers: A Psychology Focused Approach

ABSTRACT

Digital surveillance of workers, also known as electronic performance monitoring (EPM), is increasing as individuals shift to remote work. We conducted a meta-analysis of the effects of EPM on workers, while taking into account the psychological characteristics of the monitoring. We found that organizations that monitor more transparently and less invasively can expect more positive attitudes from workers. We also found that monitoring without an explicit purpose was not associated with any increases in performance. Finally, we found that regardless of monitoring characteristics, individuals tend to find EPM as stressful. Results highlight that even as advances in technology make possible a variety of ways to monitor workers, organizations must continue to consider the psychological component of work. While it is tempting to monitor based on new technological capabilities, organizations should instead rely on the principles of human resource management to guide monitoring practices.

Keywords

electronic performance monitoring, meta-analysis, performance management

ABOUT THE AUTHOR/S

Daniel M. Ravid
George Washington University
Dravid@gwu.edu

Jerod C. White
Purdue University
jerodcw@gmail.com

David L. Tomczak
George Washington University
davetomczak@gwu.edu

Ahleah F. Miles
George Wasingtion University
afmiles@gwu.edu

Tara S. Behrend
Purdue University
tara.behrend@gmail.com

New Future of Work 2020, August 3–5, 2020
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