Human-Computer Integration

  • Umer Farooq ,
  • Jonathan Grudin

ACM Interactions | , Vol 23(6): pp. 26-32

The era of human-computer interaction is giving way to the era of human-computer integration—integration in the broad sense of a partnership or symbiotic relationship in which humans and software act with autonomy, giving rise to patterns of behavior that must be considered holistically. Cyborgs or brain-computer interfaces may come later, but integration is already well under way.